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One of the most widely used and oldest of the stainless steels. This was originally called 18-8 which stood for its chromium and nickel content. It possesses an excellent combination of strength, corrosion resistance and fabricability. It is available in the widest variety of forms and sizes of any stainless steel.
Applications
The list is endless. Almost every conceivable industry uses some of this material in some way. Everything from stovetops to ball point pen barrels to flatware to fasteners has been fabricated from this alloy.
Machinability
Slow speeds and heavy feeds will minimize this alloys tendency to work harden. Due to long stringy chips, the use of chip breakers is advisable. Many companies now offer premium machinability grades, such as CarTech with their Project 70 and 7000 series.
Welding
All fusion and resistance processes have been successfully employed in welding 304. AWS E/ER308 or 312 filler metal is recommended. For cleaner, stronger welds, may users choose 304L which has a controlled low carbon content designed to reduce carbide precipitation at the weld boundaries.
Hot Working
Forging, heading and other hot working should follow uniform heating to 2100-2300 F (1149-1260 C). Rapid cooling is necessary to attain maximum corrosion resistance in finished parts.
Cold Working
Readily fabricated by most cold working methods, 304 may require intermediate annealing to avoid cracking or tearing from radical deformation. Full annealing should follow any operation to reduce internal stress and optimize corrosion resistance.
Annealing
1850-2050 F (1010-1121 C) followed by rapid cooling.
Hardening
This alloy does not respond to heat treatment. Cold work will cause an increase in both hardness and strength.
Physical Data
Density (lb / cu. in.)
0.285
Specific Gravity
7.9
Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])
0.12
Electrical Resistivity (microhm-cm (at 68 Deg F))
432
Melting Point (Deg F)
2650
Modulus of Elasticity Tension
28
Mechanical Data
Form
Strip
Condition
Extra Full Hard
Temper
70
Tensile Strength
200
Rockwell
C45
Form
Strip
Condition
Full Hard
Temper
70
Tensile Strength
185
Yield Strength
140
Elongation
8
Rockwell
C41
Form
Strip
Condition
Half Hard
Temper
70
Tensile Strength
150
Yield Strength
110
Elongation
17
Rockwell
C32
Form
Strip
Condition
Quarter Hard
Temper
70
Tensile Strength
125
Yield Strength
75
Elongation
25
Rockwell
C25
Form
Strip
Condition
Three Quarter Hard
Temper
70
Tensile Strength
175
Yield Strength
135
Elongation
11
Rockwell
C37
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