Carbon	0.2 max
Chromium	15 - 17
Iron	Balance
Manganese	1 max
Nickel	1.25 - 2.5
Phosphorus	0.04 max
Silicon	1 max
Sulphur	0.03 max

Principal Design Features		431 is a martensitic stainless combining excellent impact strength at high hardness levels with the best corrosion resistance of any martensitic stainless steels.

Applications		431 has been successfully used in a variety of aircraft and general industrial applications. These include fasteners, bolts, valve components and chemical equipment.

Machinability		In the fully annealed condition, 431 will gall and build up on the tools. Good surface finishes are not easily obtained.

Welding		Most electric welding procedures have proven successful with 431 stainless. Filler metal should be AWS E/ER410.To avoid cracking, pre-heat the workpiece to 400-600 F (204-316 C). After air cooling, treat at 1200 F (649 C) to reattain maximum properties.

Hot Working		Heat to 2100-2200 F (1149-1204 C) for best results. Do not work material below 1650 F (900 C).

Cold Working		This alloy is easily drawn, spun, headed, sheared and bent compared with other stainless steels.

Annealing		1200-1250 F (650-677 C), furnace or air cool.

Tempering		Temper for desired properties. Temperatures between 700-1050 F (371-565 C) will adversely affect impact strength and corrosion properties.

Hardening		1800-1950 F (982-1066 C), oil quench or ail cool for maximum properties.

Physical Data : [top]

Density (lb / cu. in.)	0.28
Specific Gravity	7.75
Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])	0.11
Electrical Resistivity (microhm-cm (at 68 Deg F))	432
Melting Point (Deg F)	2700
Modulus of Elasticity Tension	29

There is no Mechnical data available for this grade.

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Nickel - www.nidi.org

Copper - www.copper.org

Titanium - www.titanium.org

Steel Lynx - www.mlc.lib.mi.us/~stewarca/steelynx.html

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